We report on the systematical study of the second-harmonic generation (SHG)in single zinc sulfide nanowires (ZnS NWs). The high quality ZnS NWs with roundcross-section were fabricated by chemical vapor deposition method. Thetransmission electron microscopy images show that the actual growth-axis has adeviation angle of 0o~20o with the preferential growth direction [120], whichleads to the various polarization-dependent SHG response patterns in differentindividual ZnS NWs. The SHG response is quite sensitive to the orientations ofc-axis as well as the (100) and (010) crystal-axis of ZnS NWs, thus all thethree crystal-axis orientations of ZnS NWs are precisely determined by the SHGmethod. A high SHG conversion efficiency of 7*10^(-6) is obtained in single ZnSNWs, which shows potential applications in nanoscale ultraviolet light source,nonlinear optical microscopy and nanophotonic devices.
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